Nematodes are invertebrate animals belonging to the phylum Nematoda. They are very small in size, ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm, so they can only be observed under a microscope and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
They pierce and suck nutrients from the roots while injecting toxins that cause blockages, root rot, and swelling of the vascular tissues, forming galls. This prevents the plant from absorbing nutrients, leading to slow uptake and eventual decline.
This disease mainly occurs in the roots but significantly affects plant development, especially the leaves and young shoots. Nematodes adapt flexibly to changing environmental conditions, making them a pest that requires close attention.
Nematodes always exist in the soil. In the ectoparasitic form, they live around the roots waiting to cause damage. In the endoparasitic form, they wait for an opportunity when the plant is injured, then attack through wounds into the roots. Excessive nitrogen fertilization can cause the plant to grow too quickly, leading to root and crown cracking; insects can also create mechanical wounds that facilitate their invasion. In some cases, part of the nematode penetrates into the root while the rest remains outside in the environment, acting as a vector to transmit plant diseases.
It is recommended to control nematodes twice a year, before and after the rainy season, as these are favorable conditions for their development. Treatment should also be carried out immediately when leaves and young shoots show symptoms as illustrated in the image.
It is advised to apply root disease control products 5 days after nematode treatment to help the plant recover quickly.
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Wishing all farmers great success in cultivation!
